Understanding Private Transfers
Understanding Private Transfers in Roru Wallet
Private transfers are the core functionality of Roru Wallet, enabling you to send and receive cryptocurrency with complete privacy. This guide explains how private transfers work and how to use them effectively.
What Are Private Transfers?
Private transfers are transactions that:
Hide Amounts: Transaction amounts are cryptographically hidden
Hide Parties: Senders and receivers are hidden
Hide History: Transaction history is private and encrypted
Unlinkable: Transactions cannot be linked to each other
Instant: Settle quickly using zero-knowledge proofs
Unlike traditional blockchain transactions that are public and analyzable, private transfers provide complete privacy while maintaining security and verifiability.
How Private Transfers Work
The Transfer Process
Step 1: Transaction Creation
You select recipient and amount
Wallet selects shielded notes to spend
Wallet calculates change (if needed)
Transaction structure created
Step 2: Proof Generation
Zero-knowledge proof generated
Proof verifies transaction validity
Proof hides all private information
Proof is small and efficient
Step 3: State Update
Spent notes marked with nullifiers
New notes created for recipient and change
Merkle tree updated
New state root published
Step 4: Settlement
Transaction relayed to blockchain
Proof verified by network
State update confirmed
Transaction complete
Privacy Mechanisms
Zero-Knowledge Proofs:
Prove transaction is valid
Reveal no information about amounts
Reveal no information about parties
Cryptographically unbreakable
Shielded Notes:
Amounts hidden via commitments
Owners hidden via encryption
Cannot be analyzed on-chain
Complete privacy
Nullifiers:
Prevent double-spending
Don't reveal which note was spent
Efficient checking
Privacy-preserving
Sending Private Transfers
Basic Send Process
1. Open Send Screen
Tap "Send" button
Or select asset and tap send
2. Enter Recipient
Paste address or scan QR code
Or select from address book
Address is validated automatically
3. Enter Amount
Enter amount to send
Or tap "Max" for maximum amount
Fee is calculated and shown
4. Review Details
Verify recipient address
Verify amount
Check fee
Review privacy settings
5. Confirm Transaction
Authorize with PIN/biometric
Transaction is created
Proof is generated
Transaction is sent
Address Types
Shielded Addresses (Recommended):
Private addresses for receiving
Each address is unlinkable
Generate new address for each transaction
Maximum privacy
Public Addresses:
Traditional blockchain addresses
Visible on blockchain
Use only when necessary
Less privacy
Amount Selection
Manual Entry:
Type amount directly
Supports decimal amounts
Validates against balance
Shows equivalent in other assets
Max Amount:
Sends maximum possible
Accounts for fees
Leaves minimum for fees
Convenient for emptying balance
Percentage:
Send percentage of balance
Quick selection options
Useful for splitting balances
Fee Options
Fee Types:
Standard: Normal priority, standard fee
Fast: Higher priority, higher fee
Custom: Set custom fee amount
Fee Display:
Fee shown before confirmation
Fee deducted from balance
Fee in native asset
Total amount shown
Receiving Private Transfers
Receiving Process
1. Open Receive Screen
Tap "Receive" button
Or select asset and tap receive
2. Generate Address
New shielded address generated
Or use existing address
Address displayed with QR code
3. Share Address
Copy address to clipboard
Share QR code
Send via messaging
Use payment request
4. Wait for Deposit
Monitor for incoming transaction
Notification when received
Balance updates automatically
Transaction appears in history
Address Best Practices
Generate New Addresses:
Use new address for each transaction
Improves privacy
Prevents address correlation
Recommended practice
Address Reuse:
Can reuse addresses if needed
Reduces privacy slightly
Still private (shielded)
Use when convenient
One-Time Addresses:
Generate for single use
Maximum privacy
Recommended for large amounts
Prevents future correlation
Transaction Details
Transaction Information
What You See:
Amount sent/received
Recipient/sender (if known)
Date and time
Transaction status
Transaction ID (if applicable)
What's Hidden:
Amount (from others)
Parties (from others)
Transaction link (from others)
History (from others)
Transaction Status
Pending:
Transaction created
Proof being generated
Waiting for network
Usually seconds
Processing:
Proof generated
Being verified
State update in progress
Usually seconds to minutes
Confirmed:
Proof verified
State updated
Transaction complete
Permanent
Failed:
Transaction failed
Reason shown
Funds not spent
Can retry
Privacy Features
Transaction Privacy
Amount Privacy:
Amounts are hidden
Cannot be determined from blockchain
Cryptographically secure
Mathematical guarantee
Party Privacy:
Senders are hidden
Receivers are hidden
Cannot determine parties
Complete anonymity
Link Privacy:
Transactions are unlinkable
Cannot correlate transactions
No transaction graph
Complete unlinkability
Metadata Protection
Timing Protection:
Transaction timing is protected
Cannot correlate by time
Batching and mixing
Timing obfuscation
Network Protection:
Network metadata protected
IP addresses not linked
Encrypted communication
Relayer mixing
Advanced Features
Batch Transfers
Multiple Recipients:
Send to multiple recipients
Single transaction
Reduced fees
Improved privacy
Batch Processing:
Multiple transfers batched
Single proof
Efficient processing
Privacy benefits
Scheduled Transfers
Future Transfers:
Schedule transfers for future
Automatic execution
Useful for recurring payments
Privacy maintained
Recurring Transfers
Recurring Payments:
Set up recurring transfers
Automatic execution
Privacy for each transfer
Convenient for subscriptions
Transaction Verification
Verifying Transactions
Before Sending:
Verify recipient address
Verify amount
Check fee
Review all details
After Sending:
Check transaction status
Verify confirmation
Check balance update
Review transaction history
Transaction History
Private History:
Only you can view
Encrypted storage
Complete transaction details
Searchable and filterable
History Features:
Filter by type
Filter by asset
Filter by date
Search functionality
Best Practices
Sending Best Practices
Verify Address: Always verify recipient address
Test First: Test with small amount first
Check Fees: Understand fee structure
Review Details: Review before confirming
Use Shielded: Use shielded addresses by default
Receiving Best Practices
New Addresses: Generate new address for each transaction
Verify Sender: Verify sender if possible
Monitor: Monitor for incoming transactions
Confirm Receipt: Confirm receipt with sender
Privacy: Maintain privacy practices
Privacy Best Practices
Shielded Default: Use shielded addresses by default
New Addresses: Generate new addresses frequently
Vary Timing: Vary transaction timing
Vary Amounts: Vary transaction amounts
Minimize Public: Minimize public balance exposure
Troubleshooting
Common Issues
Transaction Stuck:
Check network connection
Verify proof generation
Wait for processing
Contact support if needed
Transaction Failed:
Check error message
Verify balance sufficient
Check network status
Retry transaction
Balance Not Updating:
Wait for confirmation
Manually sync wallet
Check network connection
Refresh interface
Getting Help
Support Resources:
In-app help
Documentation
Support team
Community forums
Security Considerations
Transaction Security
Authorization:
PIN/biometric required
Transaction confirmation
Cannot be reversed
Secure process
Verification:
Address validation
Amount validation
Balance checks
Security checks
Privacy Security
Key Security:
Keys stored securely
Hardware security (Roru One)
Encrypted storage
Secure processing
Network Security:
Encrypted communication
Secure endpoints
Relayer privacy
Infrastructure security
Conclusion
Private transfers provide:
Complete Privacy: Amounts, parties, and history hidden
Security: Cryptographically secure and verifiable
Efficiency: Fast settlement with zero-knowledge proofs
Flexibility: Support for various transaction types
Ease of Use: Simple interface for complex technology
By understanding how private transfers work and following best practices, you can use Roru Wallet effectively while maintaining complete privacy and security.
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